终极一班3

苹果国行 AI 刷屏之外，三星也把端侧大脑交给国产 AI_我的网站

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    Foreign tourists view a model of urban planning and construction at the Shanghai Urban Planning Exhibition Center on August 10, 2025. Photo: VCG
Editor's Note:
Chinese President Xi Jinping has pointed out, "to understand China today, one must learn to understand the Communist Party of China (CPC)." With the rapid development of China's economy and society, and the steady advancement of the Chinese path to modernization, the notable achievements of the CPC have drawn extensive international attention and scholarly interest. Against this backdrop, the Global Times has launched the "CPC in Global Eyes" column, focusing on the feelings, perspectives and insights of international friends from various fields regarding the CPC's historical path and achievements.
They include those who have toured China, who deeply study the CPC in academic fields, who work, live, study, seek employment or do business in various fields in China, and who pay close attention to the CPC's policies and trends, although they haven't visited the country in person. Through their vivid personal experiences, we aim to present a multifaceted overseas view of the CPC.
In the 16th installment of this series, we followed two Latin American scholars as they toured Chinese cities, witnessing how the CPC's people-centered, long-term development vision is translated into tangible everyday improvements - and reflecting on what China's experience might offer for state capacity building in Latin America.

Standing before the glass at the Shanghai Urban Planning Exhibition Center, Ecuadorian scholar María Imelda Robalino gently traced the edge of the giant city model with her fingertips, her eyes reflecting the orderly contours of this megacity stretching toward the horizon. The clear lines linking green spaces along the city's iconic Huangpu River, dense residential neighborhoods and industrial parks drew the public administration scholar, who has long studied urban expansion in Latin America, into deep thought.
Beside her, Mariana Escalante, a Mexican scholar in China studies, gazed at the scrolling timeline of Shanghai's long-term urban plans on a screen and expressed her admiration for the CPC and the Chinese government's all-out efforts in development and construction. "It's very impressive that they're taking care of all the factors that influence Chinese people, not just development and the economy, but also the environment and the well-being of the people," she told the Global Times at the exhibition center.
In June, a delegation of more than 20 think tank scholars from about 15 Latin American countries, including Argentina, Brazil, Mexico and Ecuador, started their tour in China. Over the course of more than 10 days, they visited cities including Beijing, Shanghai and Nanjing, and went into urban planning exhibition centers, residential communities, Party schools, eco-friendly power plants and university think tanks. Robalino and Escalante were among them. Like many others in the group, they came with a shared purpose: to see for themselves what Chinese modernization under CPC leadership actually looks like.
"I always emphasize the importance of seeing and experiencing China with my own eyes, in addition to learning about it through documents, academic research or news reports," Escalante told the Global Times.
    Mariana Escalante visits an eco-friendly power company in Nanjing, East China's Jiangsu Province, on June 11, 2026. Photo: Courtesy of Escalante
From plans to everyday life
For Escalante, this trip to China was far from her first encounter with the country.
A professor at the National Autonomous University of Mexico and founder of Mexican Association of Sinology, she has visited China many times before - yet each journey still brings fresh discoveries. "China is a country that changes at an impressive speed, so I try to visit as often as possible," she told the Global Times. "Every trip allows me to observe new processes, and compare what I study in texts with how policies are implemented."
Robalino approached her China visit with a broader set of expectations. Her institution, Ecuador's National Institute of Advanced Studies, has a Center for Chinese Studies, and this trip was meant to deepen existing academic ties. As a scholar of public policy and innovation, she also hoped to observe firsthand how China builds state capacity.
With different expectations, the delegation set off on a "dialogue" spanning mountains and seas. In Shanghai, the Latin American scholars visited the city's urban planning exhibition center and also stepped into one of its most local residential communities. If the former showed them how a metropolis is "planned" into being, the field visit to Block 228 Changbai New Village Subdistrict, or Changbai 228, revealed how planning is translated into everyday life - through the leadership and support of CPC organizations at every level.
On an afternoon in early June, the delegation stepped into Changbai 228 in Shanghai's Yangpu district. Since its completion in 1952, it has served as a warm home for the city's industrial workers. More than seven decades later, through urban planning, it has been transformed into a mixed-use community that preserves historical memory while offering modern services.
As the delegation walked through the neighborhood, they passed one amenity after another: a convenience commercial center, an affordable sports and health center, a restaurant, and subsidized rental housing. Inside a local Party-mass service center, some residents were dancing, while music drifted out into the hall. At the entrance, several scholars paused and, unable to resist, began clapping along to the beat.
"From the Shanghai Urban Planning Exhibition Center, I was able to observe how the state plans and envisions the development of the city; at Changbai 228, I was able to observe the results of that action from the perspective of the community and everyday life," Robalino told the Global Times. What intrigued her most was "how a planned intervention can become a space that does not feel rigid or imposed, but instead becomes a place for connection and coexistence." To her, the case revealed one of the less visible dimensions of public action: what happens after planning, during implementation, when public decisions become part of people's daily lives.
Escalante was equally struck by what Changbai 228 revealed about the CPC's people-centered philosophy. "What attracted my attention most at 228 was the close connection between urban renewal and the everyday well-being of residents," she said.
"Urban space should not be organized solely around commercial consumption. Changbai 228 includes commercial services, but it also has public and community spaces where people can meet, rest or take part in activities, without consumption necessarily being at the center of the experience." In Escalante's view, the CPC's people-centered approach had taken on tangible form. "Development should not be understood only in economic terms or in terms of economic gain, but also in terms of the people."
    Foreign tourists visit the Bund in Shanghai on August 17, 2026. Photo: VCG
An immersive understanding

Having visited China in person and seen firsthand how CPC policies are implemented in everyday life and put at the service of the people, these Latin American scholars with a strong interest in China gained a more immersive understanding of some of the Party's core concepts.
Several of the projects the scholars visited enabled them to observe how these concepts are translated into concrete policies and projects, Escalante said. She pointed to some terms often mentioned by the CPC and the Chinese government, such as "people-centered development," "common prosperity" and "Chinese modernization."
"People-centered development" means that development should not be measured solely by economic growth, infrastructure construction or technological progress, but also by its ability to improve people's livelihoods and quality of life, she added.
The scholar further pointed out that, "common prosperity" adds another layer to this vision: growth and modernization should benefit a broader swath of society, and development should help reduce social and regional inequalities. "What is the point of achieving high levels of economic growth or technological development if a significant part of the population is left outside its benefits?"
As for "Chinese modernization," Escalante described it as a modernization path suited to China's own historical, social and political conditions, rather than the assumption that there is only one universal model to follow.
"The leadership of the CPC is also explicitly presented as one of its central elements. From my perspective, the role of the Party is precisely one of the defining features of this process," she told the Global Times. "The Chinese government has considerable capacity to set long-term development goals, coordinate public policies and mobilize resources toward specific priorities. What interests me is how these broad ideas are translated - or are intended to be translated - into concrete policies, and what results they produce at different levels of society."
Cooperation amid challenges
This year marks the 10th anniversary of the launch of the China-Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (CELAC) Forum. Data show that in 2024 trade between China and Latin American and Caribbean countries exceeded $500 billion for the first time, more than 40 times that of the beginning of this century. In 2025, the figure climbed further to $549 billion. More than 20 Latin American countries had joined the Belt and Road cooperation framework, the Xinhua News Agency reported in May 2025.
Behind the numbers are scholars' observations and reflections. Escalante believes that one of the most practical and promising areas for cooperation between China and Latin America lies in sustainable urban transportation and its integration with new energy - including electric public transit, charging infrastructure, energy storage technologies, smart traffic management systems and shared mobility services. "These are particularly relevant areas for large Latin American cities that face problems such as congestion, pollution, unequal access to transportation and long commuting times," she said.
From the perspective of public administration, Robalino pointed to at least two areas where China and Latin America could find concrete opportunities for South-South cooperation.
"One is the exchange of experience on long-term planning, policy monitoring and strengthening implementation capacity; the other is public innovation," she told the Global Times. "It would be particularly interesting to exchange methodologies for experimentation, institutional learning and scaling up innovations."
When asked about the resurgence of "Monroe Doctrine" thinking in the US, Escalante did not evade the issue. "US influence and pressure on Latin America have a long history," she said. What worries her now, she added, is that the US government has once again publicly invoked the Monroe Doctrine, "which inevitably raises questions in Latin America about sovereignty and the capacity to make our own decisions."
At the same time, Escalante argued that it is too simplistic to explain Latin America's limited autonomy solely through external pressure. "Autonomy also depends on our own capacities. A country with strong institutions, a more diversified economy, lower levels of poverty and inequality, greater scientific and technological capabilities, and a long-term development strategy also has more room to decide with whom it wants to build relations and on what terms," she said.
Looking at Latin America, Escalante said one of the most important lessons from China's experience is the country's ability to define long-term goals and, above all, to translate them into concrete policies.
"Our countries have very different political systems, histories and social conditions, so this is not about copying the Chinese model," she told the Global Times. "However, we can reflect on the importance of building institutional systems that can plan, coordinate policies, ensure a certain degree of continuity and make public decisions truly take effect."
As the scholar put it, "China's experience can prompt Latin America to ask an important question: how do we build states with enough capacity to turn development goals into concrete and lasting improvements in people's lives?"
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B |     今年 WAIC 最火爆的展区，除了机器人就是 AI 手机了。    更重磅的消息，发生在世博展览馆之外——7 月 15 日，国家互联网信息办公室公布新一批手机端侧生成式人工智能服务备案。

C |          苹果智能、三星盖乐世 AI、华为小艺、OPPO AndesGPT、vivo 蓝心端侧大模型、小米澎湃 AI 和努比亚豆包手机大模型等 7 款产品获批。    真正可能最快把 AI 带到普通人身边的设备，未必在展台上，反而就在每个人的口袋里。         其中最受瞩目的自然是 Apple Intelligence，国行 iPhone 用户真的等得太久了。随着备案落定，用户对手机 AI 的好奇，也越来越具体：Siri 什么时候才能真正听懂上下文？AI 会怎么样跨应用完成任务？它读取照片、日程和聊天记录时，数据是否必须上传云端？     这些能力又是否足以成为更换一部新手机的理由？自发布以来，市场一直期待 AI 成为下一轮 iPhone 换机和生态升级的理由。IDC 在 WWDC 2026 后判断，更完整的 Apple Intelligence 将增强新款硬件的升级理由，并有机会把苹果操作系统进一步推向「个人智能」平台。         更具个人上下文的 Siri、更深入的跨应用协作，以及更多依赖新硬件的本地 AI 功能，都被视为苹果重新定义手机交互的一部分。    而在苹果之外，「Android 机皇」三星盖乐世 AI 也要来了，面壁智能 MiniCPM 系列作为三星盖乐世 AI 的端侧模型能力提供方，深度参与此次备案落地。    对面壁而言，这意味着其端侧模型开始从开源社区和技术验证，进入全球头部消费电子厂商的实际产品。         在全球手机市场，三星长期处于全球智能手机市场第一梯队，拥有覆盖入门到旗舰的完整 Galaxy 产品线、广泛的全球销售网络，以及横跨手机、平板、手表和耳机的终端生态。

D |          如果端侧能力进一步扩展到更多机型和市场，端侧智能潜在触达的将不再是少数开发者或单个行业客户，而是数以千万计的普通手机用户。    一次集中备案，释放出的是更广泛的行业信号，手机端侧 AI 正从功能预告和概念验证，进入规范化、规模化落地阶段。当 AI 能力开始留在设备本地，手机正在成为端侧智能最先触达普通用户的入口。

E |     端侧 AI 看手机？为什么     为什么首先是手机？          手机与人的距离最近，也是使用频率最高的智能终端。它天然掌握着用户的通信、影像、位置和日程等信息，还具备相机、麦克风和各种传感器，能够为 AI 提供持续的个人上下文。    这也让手机端侧 AI 与普通的云端聊天机器人有所不同。复杂推理仍然可以交给云端，但拍照理解、语音处理、个人信息检索等高频、即时或隐私敏感的任务，可以优先在本地完成。

F | 这样既能缩短等待时间、减少云端调用成本，也能让一部分敏感数据不必离开设备。    在由面壁智能主办的「 WAIC 端侧 AI 创新和行业发展论坛」上，三星电子中国研究院院长沈志春，把手机端侧 AI 的需求精准地概括为「多、快、好、省」：让更多任务在本地完成，获得更快响应和足够好的体验，同时节省云端 Token、流量、存储与电量消耗。         这四个目标并不容易同时实现，受到 GPU、NPU、存储和功耗限制，端侧模型仍然是在「戴着枷锁跳舞」。    手机的算力、内存、功耗和散热都有限，端侧模型需要在资源约束中保留足够的理解、推理和多模态能力，还要适配不同厂商的芯片、系统和产品节奏。手机 AI 的关键已经不只是模型能不能运行，而是它能否在有限资源中把体验做到足够好。    面壁的 MiniCPM 系列正是沿着这条路线发展，一直以来，MiniCPM 系列开源模型累计下载量已超过 3800 万次，并已在消费电子、汽车、具身智能和法律等场景实现商业化落地。三星盖乐世 AI ，成为其进入主流消费终端的最新案例。

G |          所以，对面壁而言，三星合作的意义不只是一位新增的客户，它提供了一个更直接的规模化证明，端侧模型已经不只运行在开发板和实验 Demo 中，而是开始进入普通消费者日常使用的贴身设备——手机。    端侧智能，不止是手机     手机是最先规模化的入口，但并不是端侧 AI 的全部边界。当 AI 从信息处理走向真实世界中的感知和行动，汽车与机器人也成为另一批重要载体。    汽车对端侧 AI 的需求同样直接，驾驶与座舱交互要求低延迟，车辆还会经过隧道、地下车库等弱网环境，许多车内数据也具有隐私属性。         面壁智能与吉利汽车开展深度合作。面壁智能的 VLM 多模态大模型与吉利机器人的本体、VLA 模型及导航系统深度集成，成功实现吉利机器人在生产仓储场景的落地应用。    RoboHarness 是基于面壁智能 4 月份发布的 EmbodiedClaw 框架开发，可以轻松集成上层规划 VLM 模型，将 VLA 模型、导航系统等作为物理世界工具模块调用，并为具身智能体提供长程任务的上下文和记忆管理。         机器人则把端侧 AI 从信息处理进一步推向物理行动。面壁通用 VLA 模型 MiniCPM-RobotManip，与面向移动机器人跟踪导航的 MiniCPM-RobotTrack，让机器人把视觉、语言和动作连接起来，并在长程任务中保留此前的观察和执行信息。         搭载 MiniCPM-RobotTrack 的机器狗可以在开放环境下零样本指令跟随，并且抗各类人物穿梭干扰，同时可以在无网网环境（例如电梯、停车场），依然流畅跟随。    结合了面壁端侧多模态大模型和乐聚的夸父机器人本体和导航系统，则可以让机器人在无网的情况下，纯端侧运行导览系统，支持基于本地知识库的离线讲解和自由问答，多模态大模型作为导览机器人的大脑，可以实时理解展厅环境，理解人类指令和意图，规划导览路线并进行避障导航。         从手机到汽车和机器人，面壁的落地案例覆盖了不同终端形态，而再进一步，除具体产品和项目之外，面壁还深入参与端侧智能相关方法与标准的建立。    WAIC 期间，面壁智能与中国信息通信研究院联合前瞻发布《AI For AI 标准》，尝试为 AI 参与模型研发提供统一的测试和评价尺度。作为技术实例，面壁同时发布并开源 ForgeTrain。

H |     按照面壁的说法，ForgeTrain 是一个由 AI 编写生产级代码的训练框架，已被用于 MiniCPM5-1B 的训练，并适配英伟达 H100 与华为昇腾系列芯片。    参与行业制定，体现了面壁希望承担的另一种角色，不只提供单个端侧模型，也参与建立训练、适配和规模化复制的方法。    争夺端侧智能的定义权     手机是端侧 AI 最先规模化的入口，它把本地模型带到普通用户身边，也让低延迟、隐私和端云协同从技术概念变成可以被消费者感知的产品能力。    汽车和机器人则把端侧 AI 带入更广阔的真实世界，前者让模型在弱网和长生命周期中持续升级，后者要求模型在本地完成感知、决策和行动。不同终端的需求并不完全相同，却共同要求 AI 能力离开云端服务器，进入具体设备和真实任务。         这也意味着，端侧智能并不是把云端模型压缩后装进设备这么简单。哪些任务必须留在本地，哪些任务仍应交给云端；不同算力和功耗条件下，模型需要保留多少能力；一套方案如何跨芯片、跨终端复制，并在隐私、延迟和可靠性上形成可验证的标准——这些问题至今都没有完全固定的答案。    争夺端侧智能的定义权，正是争夺这些问题的回答方式，它不仅取决于谁先发布一个更小的模型，也取决于谁能把模型能力、硬件适配、系统协同和场景交付沉淀成一套可重复的方法，让一次合作不再只是孤立项目。    面壁想证明的，也不只是 MiniCPM 能够在某一台、某一类设备上运行。

I | 从三星手机，到量产汽车、工业机器人和无网导览，再到 AI for AI 标准与 ForgeTrain，其角色正在从端侧模型提供者，延伸为端侧智能落地方法的提供者。

J | 手机提供规模化入口，汽车和机器人检验更复杂的真实任务，标准与训练框架则尝试让这些能力更容易被复制。    端侧并不是云端的反面，云端仍适合复杂推理和低频任务，端侧则更适合即时响应、弱网可用、敏感数据处理和持续运行。两者协同，才能让 AI 从聊天框真正进入用户随身携带和长期使用的设备。    从这个意义上说，面壁正在争夺的，是 AI 如何进入物理终端与真实世界的定义权。

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